Chromium imbues corundum with its red color and forms what is commonly known as a ruby. All colored gems have a corundum base which on its own is naturally transparent, but the transparency begins to display various colors when these trace elements are present. Corundum typically contains traces of iron, titanium, vanadium and/or chromium. Rubies are scientifically known as corundum, a rock-forming mineral and crystalline form of aluminium oxide which is two aluminium atoms and three oxygen atoms (Al2O3) in a close packed hexagonal structure. Rubies are also one of the cardinal stones (amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamonds make up the others), gemstones which have traditionally been considered precious above all others. Early cultures believed rubies held the power of life because of their similarity to blood, and rubies are mentioned four times in the Bible, associated with attributes like beauty and wisdom. The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. Hence, of all the colored stones, rubies are the most expensive, demanding the highest per-carat price. Red is the color of our most intense emotions: love, anger, passion, and fury. There’s a reason red cars feel faster and red dresses command more attention.
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